What are the noticeable symptoms of HPV-related throat cancer?
SymptomsEarly symptoms of HPV-related throat cancer can be mild to non-existent, making it challenging to catch early. Early detection and treatment can greatly improve prognosis, so it’s important to pay attention to warning signs.
Consult your doctor if you experience any of the following symptoms for more than 2 to 3 weeks:
- Long-lasting sore throat
- Persistent hoarseness
- Swollen lymph nodes
- A lump in the neck
- Pain when swallowing
- Unexplained weight loss
- Ear pain or ringing
What causes HPV-related throat cancer?
CausesThere are over 100 strains of HPV, and some types of the virus can cause cancer. HPV, in particular HPV 16, has been directly linked to oropharyngeal cancer and the rise of cases in the United States.
HPV can be transmitted by deep kissing or oral sex. The area in the back of the tongue and tonsils (the oropharynx) has uneven surfaces where viruses can easily lodge. Often, the body clears the virus, or it can lie dormant. In some cases, a slow-growing cancer develops, with symptoms going unnoticed for months or years.
While anyone can develop HPV through skin-to-skin contact, here are risk factors for developing HPV-related throat cancer:
- Tobacco use is the biggest risk factor, including smoke from cigarettes, pipes, and cigars.
- Alcohol use, moderate to heavy (more than 1+ drink per day).
- Combined alcohol and tobacco use.
- Excess body weight.
- Poor nutrition, particularly a diet low in fruits and vegetables.
- Being male. Throat cancer is the most common HPV-associated cancer in men.
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD, or heartburn)
- Exposure to toxic substances, in the home or workplace