Meniere's Disease
What is Meniere's Disease
Meniere's disease disease is a balance disorder caused by an abnormality found in a section of the inner ear called the labyrinth. There are an estimated 3 to 5 million people in the US who have Meniere's disease, with 100,000 new cases diagnosed each year. When balance is impaired, normal movement is affected, as well as motivation, concentration, and memory.
What causes Meniere's Disease
The labyrinth has two parts:- bony labyrinth
- membranous labyrinth
The membranous labyrinth is encased in bone and contains a fluid called endolymph. When the head moves, the endolymph also moves, which causes nerve receptors in the membranous labyrinth to signal the brain about the body's motion. When, for some reason, the endolymph increases, the membranous labyrinth balloons or dilates (a condition called endolymphatic hydrops).
If the membranous labyrinth ruptures, the endolymph mixes with another inner ear fluid called perilymph. The mixing of the two fluids is believed to cause the symptoms of Meniere's disease.
What are the symptoms of Meniere's Disease?
The following are the most common symptoms of Meniere's disease. However, each individual may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms can occur suddenly, or may happen daily or infrequently. The most debilitating symptom is vertigo, which can cause the patient to have to lie down, as well as:
- severe nausea
- vomiting
- sweating
Other symptoms may include:
- tinnitus
- loss of hearing
- pressure in the affected ear
- loss of balance
- headaches
- abdominal discomfort
- diarrhea
The symptoms of M�ni�re's disease may resemble other conditions or medical problems. Always consult your physician for a diagnosis.
Diagnosis of Meniere's Disease
In addition to a complete medical history and physical examination, the physician may request:- hearing test
- balance test
- magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans (to determine if a tumor is present)
- electrocochleography (to measure electrical activity of the inner ear)
Treatment for Meniere's Disease
Specific treatment for Meniere's disease will be determined by your physician based on:
- your age, overall health, and medical history
- extent of the disease
- your tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies
- expectations for the course of the disease
- your opinion or preference
Treatment may include:
- Surgery. Several types of surgery are effective for treating the balance problems of Meniere's diseasee. The most common surgical treatment is the insertion of a shunt (silicone tube) to drain of excess fluid.
- Medication. Medications may be given to control allergies, reduce fluid retention, or improve the blood circulation in the inner ear.
- Change in diet. Eliminating caffeine, alcohol, and salt may reduce the frequency and intensity of symptoms.
- Behavior therapies. Reducing stress may lessen the severity of the disease symptoms.
